1. United States.  Supreme Court.  “Texas Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc.”  576 US _ (2015).  25 June 2015

2. Merriam-Webster.  “Disparate Impact.”  21 June 2019

3. United States.  Department of Housing and Urban Development. “AFFH Fact Sheet:  The Duty to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing.”

4. United States.  Department of Housing and Urban Development, Todd Richardson.  “Giving Public Housing Agencies More Time to Succeed.” 25 Aug 2017

5. United States.  Department of Justice.  “The Fair Housing Act.”  20 June 2019

​6. Patrick Sharkey, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor and Yaryna Serkez.  “The Gaps Between White and Black America, in Charts.”  New York Times. 19 June 2020

7. Laura Kusisto.  “Black Homeownership Drops to All-Time Low.”  Wall Street Journal.  15 July 2019

8. Andre Perry, Jonathan Rothwell and David Harshbarger.  “The Devaluation of Assets in Black Neighborhoods.”  Brookings and Pew.  November 2018

9. Jeremy S. Hoffman, Vivek Shandas and Nicholas Pendleton.  “The Effects of Historical Housing Policies on Resident Exposure to Intra-Urban Heat: A Study of 108 US Urban Areas.”  13 Jan 2020

10. “The State of the Nation's Housing 2019.”  Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University. 

11. United States.  Census Bureau.  “Annual Statistics: 2018.  Table 22. Homeownership Rates by Race and Ethnicity of Householder.”  20 June 2019

12. “The Housing Market is Having a Wobble.”  Economist.  1 Dec 2018

13. Daniel Aaronson, Daniel Hartley and Bhaskar Mazumder.  “The Effects of the 1930s HOLC ‘Redlining’ Maps.”  Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. 3 Aug 2017 

14. Aaron Glantz and Emmanuel Martinez.  “Kept Out.”  Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting.  15 February 2018

15. Rakesh Kochhar and Anthony Cilluffo.  “How Wealth Inequality Has Changed in the U.S. Since the Great Recession, By Race, Ethnicity and Income.”  Pew Research  Center.  1 Nov 2017

16. United States.  Department of Justice.  “The Fair Housing Act.”  20 June 2019

17. United States.  Department of Housing and Urban Development. Margery Austin Turner, Rob Santos, Diane K. Levy, Doug Wissoker, Claudia Aranda, Rob Pitingolo, and the Urban Institute. “Housing Discrimination Against Racial and Ethnic Minorities 2012.”   June 2013

18. “The Color of Wealth in Boston.”  A Joint Publication of Duke University, The New School, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. 25 Mar 2015

19. United States.  Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.  “Data Point: Credit Invisibles.” May 2015

20. United States.  Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.  “Who Are the Credit Invisibles?” December 2016

21. Lisa Rice & Deidre Swesnik.  “Discriminatory Effects of Credit Scoring on Communities of Color.”  National Fair Housing Alliance.  

22. “American Families Face a Growing Rent Burden.”  Pew Charitable Trusts.  19 Apr 2018

23. Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren and Lawrence F. Katz.  “The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children:  New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment.” Harvard University and NBER. August 2015

24. Barbara Sard, Douglas Rice, Alison Bell, and Alicia Mazzara. “Federal Policy Changes Can Help More Families with Housing Vouchers Live in Higher-Opportunity Areas.”  Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.  4 Sept 2018

25. Carlos Avenancio-Leon and Troup Howard.  “The Assessment Gap:  Racial Inequalities in Property Taxation.”  June 2020